Indian Population

Population of India

The demographics of India are inclusive of the second most populous country in the world, with over 1.21 billion people (2011 census), more than a sixth of the world's population. Already containing 17.5% of the world's population, India is projected to be the world's most populous country by 2025, surpassing China, its population reaching 1.6 billion by 2050. Its population growth rate is 1.41%, ranking 102nd in the world in 2010. Indian population reached the billion mark in 2000.

India has more than 50% of its population below the age of 25 and more than 65% below the age of 35. It is expected that, in 2020, the average age of an Indian will be 29 years, compared to 37 for China and 48 for Japan; and, by 2030, India's dependency ratio should be just over 0.4.

India has more than two thousand ethnic groups, and every major religion is represented, as are four major families of languages (Indo-European, Dravidian, Austroasiatic and Tibeto-Burman languages) as well as two language isolates (the Nihali language spoken in parts of Maharashtra and the Burushaski language spoken in parts of Jammu and Kashmir).

Further complexity is lent by the great variation that occurs across this population on social parameters such as income and education. Only the continent of Africa exceeds the linguistic, genetic and cultural diversity of the nation of India.

S.No.	Census Year	Population	% Change
1	1951	361,088,000	-----
2	1961	439,235,000	21.6
3	1971	548,160,000	24.8
4	1981	683,329,000	24.7
5	1991	846,387,888	23.9
6	2001	1,028,737,436	21.5
7	2011	1,210,193,422	17.6

Salient Features

India occupies 2.8% of the world's land area and supports over 17.5% of the world's population. Per the 2001 census, 72.2% of the population lives in about 638,000 villages and the remaining 27.8% lives in more than 5,100 towns and over 380 urban agglomerations.

India's population has exceeded that of the entire continent of Africa by 200 million people however, since Africa's population growth is nearly double that of India, it is expected to surpass both China and India by 2025.

Comparative Demographics

Category	Global Ranking
Area	7th
Population	2nd
Population growth rate	102nd of 212
Population density (people per square kilometer of land area)	24th of 212
Male to Female ratio, at birth	12th of 214

List of States and Union territories by Demographics

Population distribution in India by states
Rank	State / Union Territory	Type	Population	%[18]	Males	Females	Sex Ratio [19]	Literacy	Rural [20] Population	Urban [20] Population	Area[21] (km²)	Density (/km²)
1	Uttar Pradesh	State	199,812,341	16.5	104,480,510	95,331,831	912	67.68	131,658,339	34,539,582	240,928	828
2	Maharashtra	State	121,455,333	9.28	58,243,056	54,131,277	929	82.34	55,777,647	41,100,980	307,713	365
3	Bihar	State	103,804,637	8.6	54,278,157	49,821,295	918	61.80	74,316,709	8,681,800	94,163	1,102
4	West Bengal	State	91,276,115	7.54	46,809,027	44,467,088	950	76.26	57,748,946	22,427,251	88,752	1,030
5	Andhra Pradesh	State	84,580,777	6.99	42,442,146	42,138,631	993	67.02	55,401,067	20,808,940	275,045	308
6	Madhya Pradesh	State	72,626,809	6.00	37,612,306	35,014,503	931	69.32	44,380,878	15,967,145	308,245	236
7	Tamil Nadu	State	72,147,030	5.96	36,137,975	36,009,055	996	80.09	34,921,681	27,483,998	130,058	555
8	Rajasthan	State	68,548,437	5.66	35,550,997	32,997,440	928	66.11	43,292,813	13,214,375	342,239	201
9	Karnataka	State	61,095,297	5.05	30,966,657	30,128,640	973	75.36	34,889,033	17,961,529	191,791	319
10	Gujarat	State	60,439,692	4.99	31,491,260	28,948,432	919	78.03	31,740,767	18,930,250	196,024	308
11	Odisha	State	41,974,218	3.47	21,212,136	20,762,082	979	72.87	31,287,422	5,517,238	155,707	269
12	Kerala	State	33,406,061	2.76	16,027,412	17,378,649	1084	94.00	23,574,449	8,266,925	38,863	859
13	Jharkhand	State	32,988,134	2.72	16,930,315	16,057,819	948	66.41	20,952,088	5,993,741	79,714	414
14	Assam	State	31,205,576	2.58	15,939,443	15,266,133	958	72.19	23,216,288	3,439,240	78,438	397
15	Punjab	State	27,743,338	2.29	14,639,465	13,103,873	895	75.84	16,096,488	8,262,511	50,362	550
16	Chhattisgarh	State	25,545,198	2.11	12,832,895	12,712,303	991	70.28	16,648,056	4,185,747	135,191	189
17	Haryana	State	25,351,462	2.09	13,494,734	11,856,728	879	75.55	15,029,260	6,115,304	44,212	573
18	Delhi	UT	16,787,941	1.39	8,987,326	7,800,615	868	86.21	944,727	12,905,780	11,297	9,340
19	Jammu and Kashmir	State	12,541,302	1.04	6,640,662	5,900,640	889	67.16	7,627,062	2,516,638	222,236	56
20	Uttarakhand	State	10,086,292	0.83	5,137,773	4,948,519	963	78.82	6,310,275	2,179,074	53,483	189
21	Himachal Pradesh	State	6,864,602	0.57	3,481,873	3,382,729	972	82.80	5,482,319	595,581	55,673	123
22	Tripura	State	3,673,917	0.30	1,874,376	1,799,541	960	87.22	2,653,453	545,750	10,486	350
23	Meghalaya	State	2,966,889	0.25	1,491,832	1,475,057	989	74.43	1,864,711	454,111	22,429	132
24	Manipur	State	2,855,794	0.21	1,290,171	1,280,219	992	79.21	1,590,820	575,968	22,327	122
25	Nagaland	State	1,978,502	0.16	1,024,649	953,853	931	79.55	1,647,249	342,787	16,579	119
26	Goa	State	1,458,545	0.12	739,140	719,405	973	88.70	677,091	670,577	3,702	394
27	Arunachal Pradesh	State	1,383,727	0.11	713,912	669,815	938	65.38	870,087	227,881	83,743	17
28	Pondicherry	UT	1,247,953	0.10	612,511	635,442	1037	85.85	325,726	648,619	479	2,598
29	Mizoram	State	1,097,206	0.09	555,339	541,867	976	91.33	447,567	441,006	21,081	52
30	Chandigarh	UT	1,055,450	0.09	580,663	474,787	818	86.05	92,120	808,515	114	9,252
31	Sikkim	State	610,577	0.05	323,070	287,507	890	81.42	480,981	59,870	7,096	86
32	Andaman and Nicobar Islands	UT	380,581	0.03	202,871	177,710	876	86.63	239,954	116,198	8,249	46
33	Dadra and Nagar Haveli	UT	343,709	0.03	193,760	149,949	774	76.24	170,027	50,463	491	698
34	Daman and Diu	UT	243,247	0.02	150,301	92,946	618	87.10	100,856	57,348	112	2,169
35	Lakshadweep	UT	64,473	0.01	33,123	31,350	946	91.85	33,683	26,967	32	2,013
TOTAL	India	28 + 7	1,210,193,422	100	623,724,248	586,469,174	940	74.04	833,087,662	377,105,760	3,287,240	382

Religious Demographics

Composition	Hindus	Muslims	Christians	Sikhs	Buddhist	Jains	Others
% total of population 2001	80.5%	13.4%	2.3%	1.9%	0.8%	0.4%	0.6%
10-Yr Growth % (est '91–'01)	20.3%	29.5%	22.6%	18.2%	18.2%	26.0%	103.1%
No. of females/1000 males. (avg. = 944)	944	940	1009	895	955	940	1000
Literacy rate (71.7% for Age 7 and above)	75.5%	60.0%	90.3%	70.4%	73.0%	95.0%	50.0%
Work Participation Rate	40.4	31.3	39.7	37.7	40.6	32.9	48.4
Rural sex ratio	1000	953	1001	895	958	937	995
Urban sex ratio	922	907	1026	886	944	941	966
Child sex ratio (0–6 yrs)	925	950	964	786	942	870	976

Literacy rate in India

State/UT Code	India/State/UT	Literate Persons (%)	Males (%)	Females (%)
01	Jammu and Kashmir	86.61	87.26	85.23+-
02	Himachal Pradesh	83.78	90.83	76.60
03	Punjab	76.6	81.48	71.34
04	Chandigarh	86.43	90.54	81.38
05	Uttarakhand	79.63	88.33	70.70
06	Haryana	76.64	85.38	66.77
07	Delhi	86.34	91.03	80.93
08	Rajasthan	67.06	80.51	52.66
09	Uttar Pradesh	69.72	79.24	59.26
10	Bihar	63.82	73.39	53.33
11	Sikkim	82.20	87.29	76.43
12	Arunachal Pradesh	66.95	73.69	59.57
13	Nagaland	80.11	83.29	76.69
14	Manipur	79.85	86.49	73.17
15	Mizoram	91.58	93.72	89.40
16	Tripura	87.75	92.18	83.15
17	Meghalaya	75.48	77.17	73.78
18	Assam	73.18	78.81	67.27
19	West Bengal	77.08	82.67	71.16
20	Jharkhand	67.63	78.45	56.21
21	Odisha	72.9	82.40	64.36
22	Chhattisgarh	71.04	81.45	60.59
23	Madhya Pradesh	70.63	80.53	60.02
24	Gujarat	79.31	87.23	70.73
25	Daman and Diu	87.07	91.48	79.59
26	Dadra and Nagar Haveli	77.65	86.46	65.93
27	Maharashtra	83.2	89.82	75.48
28	Andhra Pradesh	67.66	75.56	59.74
29	Karnataka	75.60	82.85	68.13
30	Goa	87.40	92.81	81.84
31	Lakshadweep	92.28	96.11	88.25
32	Kerala	93.91	96.02	91.98
33	Tamil Nadu	80.33	86.81	73.86
34	Puducherry	86.55	92.12	81.22
35	Andaman and Nicobar Islands	86.27	90.11	81.84
	INDIA	74.03	82.14	65.46

Population Projections

India is projected to overtake China as the world's most populous nation by 2030. India's population growth has raised concerns that it would lead to widespread unemployment and political instability. Note that these projections make assumptions about future fertility and death rates which may not turn out to be correct in the event.

2020: 1,326,093,000

2030: 1,460,743,000

2040: 1,571,715,000

2050: 1,656,554,000